New York State Laws

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The law is a set of rules that governs the conduct of individuals and entities in society. It can be written in law books, regulations, opinions and rulings of state agencies or courts. Generally, the law is created by a government, often called a lawmaker. The president, for example, creates many documents to make announcements or issue orders, including executive orders and presidential memoranda.

The President and Congress: Federal laws apply to people living in the United States and its territories, while local law governs the actions of cities and towns. The Legislature of the State of New York makes local laws and also issues delegated legislation, which is a list of rules that are promulgated by government agencies.

In New York, the law is based on various levels of authority, which include constitutional, statutory, regulatory and case law. There are also many local laws, ordinances and regulations.

Constitutional laws, such as the constitution of the state, and statutory laws, such as the laws of New York City, are the most fundamental and established laws in the state. They establish the basic rules of how state governments must operate and protect citizens.

These laws also define what constitutes valid legal conduct, and establish the responsibilities of people who violate them. They are usually backed by administrative penalties, which can include fines or imprisonment.

There are several types of statutory law, including general statutes, specific statutes and enacted laws. These are compiled in the New York Codes, Rules and Regulations (NYCRR).

Special statutes, such as ordinances and resolutions, are typically not enacted by the Legislature but instead made by the government, often called the government entity. These are generally more detailed and specific than statutory laws, but may not be as broad in scope or as binding.

For example, a New York City law that requires the disclosure of security breaches of private identifying information to the chief privacy officer and the Office of Cyber Command is enacted by the City government. These requirements are more comprehensive than those in the state’s SHIELD Act, which has no similar provisions.

The New York City Code has also been amended to require the City government to share security breach notices with affected persons in certain situations, a process it previously did not have.

Among the most notable changes are that the notification must be delivered to all affected persons by certified mail within one day of the discovery of the breach and that notification must be sent in electronic form to those whose information was affected by the breach.

These changes are designed to protect the privacy of consumers and ensure the protection of the City’s data assets. They are also intended to ensure that City officials and agencies have the tools they need to respond to cybersecurity threats and identify potential vulnerabilities, so that those issues can be resolved before they cause harm.

In addition to these changes, the City’s existing data breach notification law would be expanded to require that the City provide notification of a breach to any affected person, and that this notification be delivered by certified mail within a day of the discovery of the breach, as well as to the Department of Information Technology and Telecommunications. This is a substantial improvement over current City law, which only requires this to be done for victims of identity theft.